American Communities

They are communities that have formed simple societies as highly complex, presenting various social groupings and representing many cultural groups and ethnic groups (in both peoples, nationalities, identities and populations) scattered in the various geographical regions and following different processes of territorial ocupacion-adaptacion and use of natural resources. Activities and theories about the evolution of 2 indigenous communities have expressed our interest in understanding the terms of Exchange flowing into local spaces of development, in both interaction of human activities and the natural environment as an expression of the relationship society. On the subject there are various theories and explanatory models ranging in his study through history and other sciences–from the appearance of the woman and the man (makes little more than twenty thousand years) and then with the first tribal groups, primitive communities (more than 10,000 years in the case of American indigenous peoples), to the more elaborate civilizing shapes. In general it is known that the evolution of the indigenous communities is perceived as a linear process unchanged and ascending in space and time (this according to the statements of the linear evolutionism theories proposed in the 19th and 20th centuries). However, considering the complex relationships of interaction as a society and various evidences about the ways of life of the indigenous communities of the region, is also known that this evolutionary process has not always been balanced, unique and linearly thereafter. Conversely, following the wording of multilinear evolutionary theory of Julian Steward (1955), proposed that the evolution of indigenous communities has followed paths varying, and multiple presenting different phases or stages – which simultaneously and asynchronous – configured heterogeneous scenarios with different types of societies and cultures in specific territorial areas. Although as a general trend, we understand that the indigenous communities have evolved following an ascending pattern in time, they simultaneously also involved multiple directions and discontinuities (or temporary gaps).